If I have to download a windows 7 recovery disk, or reinstall it, will I lose files and programs not backed up?

You will loose everything that is not backed up if you do a full recovery. But, if you don't have the recovery disk that came with your laptop you will also have problems getting the drivers required for your system to know how to use its own hardware. I would definitely consider recovery as a last option, especially if you don't have the factory recovery disk.